What does tensile strength measure in a material?

The maximum pushing force a material can withstand before crumbling The maximum pulling force per unit area a material can withstand before breaking How easily a material can be bent without cracking How well a material conducts heat

Young's modulus is a measure of a material's:

Ability to absorb energy before fracture Resistance to surface scratching Stiffness — how much it resists elastic deformation under load Electrical conductivity

On a stress-strain curve, what does the area under the entire curve represent?

Hardness — resistance to surface indentation Toughness — the energy absorbed per unit volume before fracture Stiffness — the elastic modulus Ultimate tensile strength

The Rockwell and Brinell scales are used to measure which material property?

Toughness Ductility Hardness Stiffness

Copper wire can be drawn into thin strands without snapping. This property is called:

Brittleness Hardness Toughness Ductility

A glass window shatters into sharp fragments without bending when struck hard. This behaviour is best described as:

Ductile yielding Brittle fracture Elastic buckling Creep failure

Why is specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio) important in aerospace engineering?

It ensures the material does not rust at high altitude It determines how quickly the material heats up in sunlight A high specific strength means a material can carry the same load for less mass, reducing fuel consumption It measures how well the material reflects radar signals

Which of the following materials has the highest thermal conductivity and would therefore make the best heat sink?

Glass Copper Nylon Concrete

On a stress-strain curve, the yield point marks:

The point where the material fractures The stress at which the material transitions from elastic to plastic deformation The maximum load the material ever reaches The point where Young's modulus doubles

An engineer needs a material that absorbs a large amount of impact energy without shattering — for example, for a crash barrier. Which property is most important?

Hardness Electrical conductivity Toughness Stiffness

Shear strength is the ability of a material to resist forces that act:

Perpendicular to a surface, pulling it apart Perpendicular to a surface, squashing it Parallel to a surface, trying to slide one layer over another Diagonally through the material, causing twisting

Which best describes the elastic region of a stress-strain curve?

The curved region where the material deforms permanently The region just before fracture where the material necks The straight-line region where deformation is fully reversible and stress is proportional to strain The region where thermal expansion dominates