What is the output of a NOT gate when the input is 1?

1 0 Undefined The same as the input

A 3-input AND gate has inputs A=1, B=1, C=0. What is the output?

1 0 2 (the sum of inputs) Depends on the order of inputs

A 2-input NAND gate has inputs A=1 and B=1. What is the output?

1 0 Undefined for identical inputs The same as an AND gate output

What makes NAND (or NOR) gates 'universal'?

NAND gates operate at universal supply voltages from 1 V to 100 V Any logic function — NOT, AND, OR, or combinations — can be built using only NAND gates NAND gates are used in all countries worldwide without modification NAND gates work at all clock frequencies without timing constraints

Apply De Morgan's theorem to simplify NOT(A AND B).

NOT(A) AND NOT(B) NOT(A) OR NOT(B) A OR B NOT(A OR B)

Using Boolean algebra, simplify: A AND 1.

0 1 A NOT(A)

An XOR gate has inputs A=1 and B=1. What is the output?

1 0 2 Depends on which input arrives first

In a half-adder, what are the Sum and Carry outputs when adding 1 + 1?

Sum = 1, Carry = 0 Sum = 1, Carry = 1 Sum = 0, Carry = 1 Sum = 0, Carry = 0

A full adder differs from a half adder because a full adder:

Only handles subtraction, not addition Accepts a carry-in input as well as two data bits, producing sum and carry-out Can add three multi-bit numbers simultaneously Produces a floating-point result instead of an integer

Which Boolean expression correctly describes the output of a NOR gate with inputs A and B?

NOT(A AND B) NOT(A OR B) A AND NOT(B) A XOR B

Simplify the Boolean expression: A AND NOT(A).

A (passes through unchanged) 1 (always true) 0 (always false) NOT(A)

What hardware component stores a single bit of data in a sequential logic circuit?

A logic gate A flip-flop (such as a D flip-flop) A half-adder A multiplexer