A bit is the smallest unit of digital data. How many bits are in one byte?

8 bits 4 bits 16 bits 2 bits

Approximately how many bytes are in 1 gigabyte (GB)?

About 1 billion bytes (1,000,000,000) About 1 million bytes About 1 thousand bytes About 1 trillion bytes

A plain text file containing the sentence 'Hello!' uses approximately how many bytes?

6 bytes — one byte per character 6 bits — one bit per character 6 kilobytes — text files are always at least 1 KB 48 bytes — each character needs a whole line of binary

What is the correct order from smallest to largest unit of digital storage?

Bit → Byte → Kilobyte → Megabyte → Gigabyte → Terabyte Byte → Bit → Megabyte → Kilobyte → Gigabyte → Terabyte Kilobyte → Megabyte → Gigabyte → Byte → Bit → Terabyte Bit → Byte → Megabyte → Kilobyte → Terabyte → Gigabyte

How does a computer represent a black-and-white (1-bit) image?

Each pixel is stored as a single bit: 1 for white, 0 for black Each pixel is stored as a word describing its shade The image is stored as a mathematical formula that draws itself Each pixel requires one full byte even in black-and-white images

An MP3 audio file is about 3 MB. The same song as uncompressed audio (WAV) is about 30 MB. What does compression do?

It removes or approximates data that human ears are unlikely to notice, reducing file size while keeping the audio sounding similar It physically shrinks the audio by playing it faster during storage It converts the audio to a different language that takes less space It removes silence from the beginning and end of the song

What is 'lossless' compression, and how does it differ from 'lossy' compression?

Lossless compression reduces file size without removing any data — the original can be perfectly restored. Lossy permanently discards some data. Lossless means the file is never compressed; lossy means it is compressed Lossless is faster but takes more storage; lossy is slower and takes less There is no difference — all compression eventually loses some data

A video file is very large because it contains many images played in sequence. A 2-hour HD movie might be 4–8 GB. Why are streaming services able to send this to your TV in real time?

Video is heavily compressed using codecs that only store what changes between frames rather than complete images Streaming services have secret computers inside your TV that rebuild the video locally HD video is actually sent at very low quality and your brain fills in the gaps Streaming downloads the entire movie first before playing the first second

What is 'metadata' in a digital file?

Data about the file itself — like creation date, file size, author, or camera settings for a photo The largest or most important data inside a file Data that has been deleted from a file but not yet overwritten A password-protected section that only the file creator can read

Why can a photo taken on a modern smartphone be a larger file size than a photo taken on a digital camera from 2005, even if they look similar on screen?

Modern smartphones have much higher resolution sensors capturing far more pixels, and may also store additional metadata and HDR data Older cameras used better compression that newer phones haven't adopted Modern photos include a copy of the photo editing app used to take them File sizes haven't changed — storage has just gotten cheaper so we notice less